{"id":472,"date":"2018-05-04T19:46:07","date_gmt":"2018-05-04T18:46:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.apvnorge.no\/?page_id=472"},"modified":"2021-08-13T14:41:43","modified_gmt":"2021-08-13T12:41:43","slug":"linux","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.apvnorge.no\/cz\/it-knowledge-base\/linux\/","title":{"rendered":"Linux"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"apvno-2646251828\" class=\"apvno-before-content apvno-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-7003427967427457\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:inline-block;width:970px;height:250px;\" \ndata-ad-client=\"ca-pub-7003427967427457\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"6272152047\"><\/ins> \n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><script async=\"\" src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script><br><script><br \/>\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({<br \/>\n          google_ad_client: \"ca-pub-7003427967427457\",<br \/>\n          enable_page_level_ads: true<br \/>\n     });<br \/>\n<\/script><br><!-- Global site tag (gtag.js) - Google Analytics --><br><script async=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.googletagmanager.com\/gtag\/js?id=UA-118718056-1\"><\/script><br><script><br \/>\n  window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];<br \/>\n  function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}<br \/>\n  gtag('js', new Date());<br \/>\n  gtag('config', 'UA-118718056-1');<br \/>\n<\/script><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Jak se p\u0159ihl\u00e1sit jako root bez znalosti hesla.<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted brush: powershell; title: ; notranslate\"><strong>Je velmi snadn\u00e9 jak to ud\u011blat<\/strong><br>Nabootujte do \"grub\", vyberte \"single user\", ale nema\u010dkejte \"Enter\".  <br>Zm\u00e1\u010dkn\u011bte \"e\" a vstupte do edita\u010dn\u00edho m\u00f3du.  <br>Scrolujte dol\u016f a\u017e na \u0159\u00e1dek s kernelem, s kter\u00e9ho se bootuje bude za\u010d\u00ednat  \"linux  \/boot\/vmlinuz-\u2026\u2026.\"  <br>sko\u010dte na konec \u0159\u00e1dku, ud\u011blejte mezeru a napi\u0161te init=\/bin\/bash  <br>Zm\u00e1\u010dkn\u011bte CTRL + X a nabootujte  <br><br># Remount \/ as Read\/Write  <br>mount -rw -o remount \/  <br># Change the root account password with  <br>passwd  <br># Change any other account password with  <br>passwd username  <br># type new password, confirm and hit enter and then reboot. <\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Apache2 With PHP 7.1 Support On Ubuntu 18.04 LTS Server<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted brush: powershell; title: ; notranslate\"><strong>Step 1: Install Apache2 Web Server<\/strong><br>sudo apt install apache2 <br>After installing Apache2, the commands below can be used to stop, start,  reload and enable Apache2 service to always startup when the server boots up. <br>sudo systemctl stop apache2.service <br>sudo systemctl start apache2.service <br>sudo systemctl reload apache2.service <br>sudo systemctl enable apache2.service <br><br><strong>Step 2: Install PHP And Related Modules<\/strong> <br>PHP 7.1 may not be available in Ubuntu default repositories\u2026 in order to install it,  you will have to get it from third-party repositories. Run the commands below to add the below third party repository to upgrade to PHP 7.1 <br>sudo apt-get install software-properties-common <br>sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej\/php <br>Then update and upgrade to PHP 7.1 <br>sudo apt update <br>Finally, run the commands below to install PHP 7.1 and related modules.. sudo apt-get install php7.1 libapache2-mod-php7.1 php7.1-mcrypt php7.1-cli php7.1-xml php7.1-zip php7.1-mysql php7.1-gd php7.1-imagick php7.1-recode php7.1-tidy php7.1-xmlrpc <\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>How to install VMware Tools on Debian 9<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted brush: powershell; title: ; notranslate\"><strong>Step 1: Install Apache2 Web Server<\/strong> <br>su uname -r apt-get install build-essential linux-headers-UNAME RESULT  for me apt-get install build-essential linux-headers-4.9.0-8-amd64 mount \/dev\/cdrom \/media\/cdrom cd \/media\/cdrom cp VMwareTools-your version \/tmp cd \/tmp tar zxvf VMwareTools-your version cd vmware-tools-distrib\/ .\/vmware-install.pl if you will have error \"What is the location of the ifconfig\" ... Install net-tools su apt-get install net-tools Then re-run vmware-install.pl <\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>How to protect GRUB by password<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted brush: powershell; title: ; notranslate\"><strong>Create your password by typing<\/strong>\n# grub-mkpasswd-pbkdf2\n\nEnter your password.\nThis will generate a long and encrypted password.\n\n<strong>Copy the whole generated code and Edit the file<\/strong>\n\n\/etc\/grub.d\/00_header using vi, leafpad, nano e.g\n# vi \/etc\/grub.d\/00_header\nor\n# sudo leafpad \/etc\/grub.d\/00_header\n\nGo to the end of the file.\n\n<strong>Type the following command<\/strong>\n\ncat << EOF\nset superusers=\"username\"\npassword_pbkdf2 username 'paste the generated code copied above here'\nEOF\n\n<strong>Save the changes and exit the editor & update grub using either of the commands<\/strong>\n\n# update-grub\nor\n# grub-mkconfig -o \/boot\/grub\/grub.cfg\n\nTo test the changes, reboot the system. \nIf the procedure above was successful, once you select grub entry to boot, you will be prompted to enter username and password. \nEnter those credentials and your grub is secured!!!!\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>How change what&#8217;s displayed before login to shell or after<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted brush: powershell; title: ; notranslate\"><strong>Before login<\/strong>\nThe text displayed before the login prompt is stored in \/etc\/issue \n\n<strong>After login<\/strong>\nThe text displayed after login is stored in \/etc\/motd, \n\nIt's just a normal text file, but it accepts many of escape sequences:\n\n4{ethernet adapter} - IP4 address f.eks 4{eth0}\n6{ethernet adapter} - IP6 address\nb -- Baudrate of the current line.\nd -- Current date.\ns -- System name, the name of the operating system.\nl -- Name of the current tty line.\nm -- Architecture identifier of the machine, eg. i486\nn -- Nodename of the machine, also known as the hostname.\no -- Domainname of the machine.\nr -- Release number of the OS, eg. 1.1.9.\nt -- Current time.\nu -- Number of current users logged in.\nU -- The string \"1 user\" or \" users\" where is the number of current users logged in.\nv -- Version of the OS, eg. the build-date etc.\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Uninstalling MySQL<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted brush: powershell; title: ; notranslate\">Use apt to uninstall and remove all MySQL packages:\n\n$ sudo apt-get remove --purge mysql-server mysql-client mysql-common -y\n$ sudo apt-get autoremove -y\n$ sudo apt-get autoclean\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>How to compress PDF File, reduce size <\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted brush: powershell; title: ; notranslate\">sudo\napt-get install ghostscript\ngs -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -dCompatibilityLevel=1.4 -dPDFSETTINGS=\/ebook -dNOPAUSE -dQUIET -dBATCH -sOutputFile=output.pdf input.pdf<br><br><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"brush: powershell; title: ; notranslate wp-block-heading\"><strong>How to install and use CertBot<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">1. <strong>Install CertBot<\/strong><br>To install Certbot, simply run the following commands:<br><br>apt-get install software-properties-common python-software-properties<br>add-apt-repository ppa:certbot\/certbot<br>apt-get update<br>apt-get install python-certbot-apache<br><br>2. <strong>Install Let\u2019s Encrypt SSL Certificate<\/strong><br>To install a Let\u2019s Encrypt SSL certificate on your domain, execute the following command (make sure you replace \u2018yourdomain.com\u2019 with your actual domain name):<br><br>certbot --apache -d yourdomain.com<br><br>You will then be asked for an email address and to read and accept the Terms of Services. This is how the output should look like during the installation:<br><br>Saving debug log to \/var\/log\/letsencrypt\/letsencrypt.log<br>Plugins selected: Authenticator apache, Installer apache<br>Enter email address (used for urgent renewal and security notices) (Enter 'c' to<br>cancel): admin@yourdomain.com<br><br>-------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br>Please read the Terms of Service at<br>https:\/\/letsencrypt.org\/documents\/LE-SA-v1.2-November-15-2017.pdf. You must<br>agree in order to register with the ACME server at<br>https:\/\/acme-v01.api.letsencrypt.org\/directory<br>-------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br>(A)gree\/(C)ancel: A<br><br>-------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br>Would you be willing to share your email address with the Electronic Frontier<br>Foundation, a founding partner of the Let's Encrypt project and the non-profit<br>organization that develops Certbot? We'd like to send you email about EFF and<br>our work to encrypt the web, protect its users and defend digital rights.<br>-------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br>(Y)es\/(N)o: Y<br><br>Obtaining a new certificate<br>Performing the following challenges:<br>tls-sni-01 challenge for yourdomian.com<br>Waiting for verification...<br>Cleaning up challenges<br>Created an SSL vhost at \/etc\/apache2\/sites-available\/000-default-le-ssl.conf<br>Deploying Certificate for yourdomain.com to VirtualHost \/etc\/apache2\/sites-available\/000-default-le-ssl.conf<br>Enabling available site: \/etc\/apache2\/sites-available\/000-default-le-ssl.conf<br>3. Redirect HTTP to HTTPS<br>Additionally, you can also make a choice if you would like to redirect all the HTTP traffic to HTTPS:<br><br>Please choose whether or not to redirect HTTP traffic to HTTPS, removing HTTP access.<br>-------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br>1: No redirect - Make no further changes to the webserver configuration.<br>2: Redirect - Make all requests redirect to secure HTTPS access. Choose this for<br>new sites, or if you're confident your site works on HTTPS. You can undo this<br>change by editing your web server's configuration.<br>-------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br>Select the appropriate number [1-2] then [enter] (press 'c' to cancel): 2<br>Redirecting vhost in \/etc\/apache2\/sites-enabled\/000-default.conf to ssl vhost in \/etc\/apache2\/sites-available\/000-default-le-ssl.conf<br><br>-------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br>Congratulations! You have successfully enabled https:\/\/yourdomain.com<br>4. Automatic renewal<br>You can also create a cron job in order to set up an automatic SSL renewal. To do this first run:\n<p>crontab -e<br>and then add the following:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;\/usr\/bin\/letsencrypt renew >> \/var\/log\/letsencrypt-renew.log<br>Save the file and close it. Restart the cron service so the changes can take effect:<\/p>\n<p>service cron restart<br>That\u2019s it.<\/p>\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><h2><strong>How to install ISPConfig Debian 9<\/strong><\/h2><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">cd \/tmp<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">wget &#8211;no-check-certificate -O installer.tgz &#8220;https:\/\/github.com\/servisys\/ispconfig_setup\/tarball\/master&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">tar zxvf installer.tgz <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">cd <em>ispconfig<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">bash install.sh<\/p>\n<div id=\"apvno-2693395233\" class=\"apvno-after apvno-entity-placement\"><script>\r\n_adsys_id = 33949;\r\n_adsys_size = 1;\r\n<\/script>\r\n<script src=\"https:\/\/d.wedosas.net\/d.js\"><\/script>    \r\n<\/br>\r\n<div>\r\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- AD-4 -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:inline-block;width:970px;height:250px\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-7003427967427457\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"6272152047\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/affiliates.ssl.com\/820-3-1-13.html\" target=\"_blank\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"border:0px\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/affiliates.ssl.com\/media\/banners\/SSL-banner-UC-certificate-2-v5.png?resize=640%2C79&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"640\" height=\"79\" alt=\"Microsoft Exchange SAN UCC SSL\"><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Jak se p\u0159ihl\u00e1sit jako root bez znalosti hesla. Je velmi snadn\u00e9 jak to ud\u011blatNabootujte do &#8220;grub&#8221;, vyberte &#8220;single user&#8221;, ale nema\u010dkejte &#8220;Enter&#8221;. Zm\u00e1\u010dkn\u011bte &#8220;e&#8221; a vstupte do edita\u010dn\u00edho m\u00f3du. Scrolujte dol\u016f a\u017e na \u0159\u00e1dek s kernelem, s kter\u00e9ho se bootuje bude za\u010d\u00ednat &#8220;linux \/boot\/vmlinuz-\u2026\u2026.&#8221; sko\u010dte na konec \u0159\u00e1dku, ud\u011blejte mezeru a napi\u0161te init=\/bin\/bash Zm\u00e1\u010dkn\u011bte CTRL [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1295,"parent":437,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-472","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.3","language":"cz","enabled_languages":["en","no","cz"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"no":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.10 - 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